Operation of Plug-In Electric Vehicles for Voltage Balancing in Unbalanced Microgrids

The widespread use of distributed energy resources in the future electric distribution systems represents both a challenge and an opportunity for all the Smart Grid operators. Among these resources, plug-in electric vehicles are expected to play a significant role not only for the economic and environmental benefits they involve but also for the ancillary services they can provide to the supplying grid. This chapter deals with real-time operation of unbalanced microgrids including plug-in electric vehicles. The operation is achieved by means of an optimal control strategy aimed at minimizing the costs sustained for the energy provision while meeting various technical constraints. Among the technical constraints, the optimal control allows guaranteeing the satisfaction of power quality requirements such as the containment of slow voltage variations and the unbalance factors. Case studies are investigated in order to show the feasibility and the effectiveness of the proposed approach

Estimating Wind Farm Transformers Rating through Lifetime Characterization Based on Stochastic Modeling of Wind Power

This paper deals with the problem of the optimal rating of mineral-oil-immersed transformers in large wind farms. The optimal rating is derived based on the probabilistic analyses of wind power generation through the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck stochastic process and on thermal model of the transformer through the integration of stochastic differential equations. These analyses allow the stochastic characterization of lifetime reduction of the transformer and then its optimal rating through a simple closed form. The numerical application highlights the effectiveness and easy applicability of the proposed methodology. The proposed methodology allows deriving the rating of transformers which better fits the specific peculiarities of wind power generation. Compared to the conventional approaches, the proposed method can better adapt the transformer size to the intermittence and variability of the power generated by wind farms, thus overcoming the often-recognized reduced lifetime

Analytical Description of Overhead Transmission Lines Loadability

The loadability characteristics of overhead transmission lines (OHLs) is certainly not a new topic. However, driven by sustainability issues, the increasing need to exploit existing electrical infrastructures as much as possible, has given OHL loadability a renowned central role and, recently, new investigations on this subject have been carried out. OHL loadability is generally investigated by means of numerical methods. Even though this approach allows deducing useful information in both planning and operation stage, it does not permit to capture all the insights obtainable by an analytical approach. The goal of this paper is to tailor a general analytical formulation for the loadability of OHLs. The first part of the paper is devoted to the base-case of uncompensated OHLs. Later, aiming to demonstrate the inherent feasibility and flexibility of the novel approach proposed, the less frequent case of shunt compensated radial OHLs is investigated as well. The analytical formulation is combined with the use of circular diagrams. Such diagrams allow a geometrical interpretation of the analytical relationships and are very useful to catch the physical insights of the problem. Finally, in order to show the applicability of the new analytical approach, a practical example is provided. The example concerns calculation of the loadability characteristics of typical 400 kV single-circuit OHLs

Residual Strength Validation of a Composite Stiffened Panel Virtually Impacted

AbstractMost modern structural system designs rely on a damage tolerance philosophy, which means that a structure can withstand some damage without failure.The residual strength of a structure, i.e. the load that a damaged structure can still carry without failure, can be significantly affected by the presence of a crack or a damaged area and is usually substantially lower than the strength of the undamaged structure [1].In the study presented in this paper MSC.Nastran sol700 explicit solver has been used to simulate different impact conditions on a stiffened composite panel [2]. This has allowed estimating and analysing the damage effects on the matrix and fibers of the composite panel. The virtual damaged panel has been loaded in a non-linear implicit simulation using MSC.Nastran sol400 solution to predict the residual strength [3–6]. The simulation results were in good agreement with experimental tests

Optimal Sizing of Battery Storage Systems for Industrial Applications when Uncertainties Exist

in fact, we think that the sizing procedure must properly take into account the unavoidable uncertainties introduced by the cost of electricity and the load demands of industrial facilities. Three approaches provided by Decision Theory were applied, and they were based on: (1) the minimization of expected cos

The Primacy of High b-Value 3T-DWI Radiomics in the Prediction of Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer

Predicting clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) is crucial in PCa management. 3T-magnetic resonance (MR) systems may have a novel role in quantitative imaging and early csPCa prediction, accordingly. In this study, we develop a radiomic model for predicting csPCa based solely on native b2000 diffusion weighted imaging (DWIb2000) and debate the effectiveness of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in the same task. In total, 105 patients were retrospectively enrolled between January–November 2020, with confirmed csPCa or ncsPCa based on biopsy. DWIb2000 and ADC images acquired with a 3T-MRI were analyzed by computing 84 local first-order radiomic features (RFs). Two predictive models were built based on DWIb2000 and ADC, separately. Relevant RFs were selected through LASSO, a support vector machine (SVM) classifier was trained using repeated 3-fold cross validation (CV) and validated on a holdout set. The SVM models rely on a single couple of uncorrelated RFs (ρ < 0.15) selected through Wilcoxon rank-sum test (p ≤ 0.05) with Holm–Bonferroni correction. On the holdout set, while the ADC model yielded AUC = 0.76 (95% CI, 0.63–0.96), the DWIb2000 model reached AUC = 0.84 (95% CI, 0.63–0.90), with specificity = 75%, sensitivity = 90%, and informedness = 0.65. This study establishes the primary role of 3T-DWIb2000 in PCa quantitative analyses, whilst ADC can remain the leading sequence for detection

Process-Based Design and Integration of Wireless Sensor Network Applications

Abstract Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks (WSNs) are distributed sensor and actuator networks that monitor and control real-world phenomena, enabling the integration of the physical with the virtual world. They are used in domains like building automation, control systems, remote healthcare, etc., which are all highly process-driven. Today, tools and insights of Business Process Modeling (BPM) are not used to model WSN logic, as BPM focuses mostly on the coordination of people and IT systems and neglects the integration of embedded IT. WSN development still requires significant special-purpose, low-level, and manual coding of process logic. By exploiting similarities between WSN applications and business processes, this work aims to create a holistic system enabling the modeling and execution of executable processes that integrate, coordinate, and control WSNs. Concretely, we present a WSNspecific extension for Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN) and a compiler that transforms the extended BPMN models into WSN-specific code to distribute process execution over both a WSN and a standard business process engine. The developed tool-chain allows modeling of an independent control loop for the WSN.

Battery Energy Storage Sizing When Time of Use Pricing Is Applied

Battery energy storage systems (BESSs) are considered a key device to be introduced to actuate the smart grid paradigm. However, the most critical aspect related to the use of such device is its economic feasibility as it is a still developing technology characterized by high costs and limited life duration. Particularly, the sizing of BESSs must be performed in an optimized way in order to maximize the benefits related to their use. This paper presents a simple and quick closed form procedure for the sizing of BESSs in residential and industrial applications when time-of-use tariff schemes are applied. A sensitivity analysis is also performed to consider different perspectives in terms of life span and future costs

Demo Abstract: From Business Process Specifications to Sensor Network Deployments

makeSenseCONE

Towards Business Processes Orchestrating the Physical Enterprise with Wireless Sensor Networks

The industrial adoption of wireless sensor net- works (WSNs) is hampered by two main factors. First, there is a lack of integration of WSNs with business process modeling languages and back-ends. Second, programming WSNs is still challenging as it is mainly performed at the operating system level. To this end, we provide makeSense: a unified programming framework and a compilation chain that, from high-level business process specifications, generates code ready for deployment on WSN nodes